The pros and cons of direct marketing and legal issues that accompany Essay

The pros and cons of direct marketing and legal issues that accompany this field - Essay Example The significance of direct marketing is beyond just selling a product because it is used by companies to enhance relationship marketing that is forming and maintaining long term relationships with customers through effective public relations activities and direct marketing assists these activities. Companies send cards and cakes on special occasions to their customers through direct mail and this incurs a positive rapport with the customers. Direct marketing not only serves the basic purpose of a company to inform the customer but also to generate positive feelings with the customers for the company (Kotler & Keller; 2002). Direct marketing roots from Europe during the middle ages or most popularly known as feudalism period and then it began to enter its golden age during the renaissance. This was the 15th century and direct marketing became a regular practice in Europe only after the invention of moveable type by Guttenberg. The first catalog in Europe was then printed in 1450. The concept of direct marketing was originated by Lester Wunderman. Lester implemented these innovative techniques over two famous brands namely; American Express and Colombia Records. The concept was originated by this man during 1961 in America but direct marketing became a regular practice only after the typewriter was invented in 1867. The credit for the first catalog through mails goes to Aaron Montgomery Ward in 1872. Since the concept was gaining popularity amongst the businesses in America so the Direct Mail Advertising Association was established in 1928 which now is known as Direct Marketing Association. With direct m arketing in full speed the most popular terms of today started to emerge and took permanent shape. Junk mail was a term used by people since 1954 and the term spam took birth in 1993 so it's still young. Since the customers became more and more aware and educated the companies had to work even harder to convince them to buy their products. The market was no longer nave and direct marketing played an essential role to maintain goodwill amongst the customers in order practice effective public relations activities and retain customers. Thus, by the 18th century direct marketing was rocketing towards the sky and it was the most popular means of advertisement and maintaining public relations. Benjamin Franklin was the first printer to stand out of the rest of the printers in Colonial America and he came up with the most famous catalog in 1974 that was close to the present day catalogs that contain information and attractive punch lines that are all intended towards customer satisfaction. Companies then began to receive orders and send products through mail. It was during the 1830's that various companies mailed the products to their customers in New England. The general feeling of disdain and detest against the middlemen started in the post civil-war period in Midwest Europe with the farmers who decided to eliminate middlemen since the farmers were buying at a higher price and then selling

Risk of Schizophrenia Essay Example for Free

Risk of Schizophrenia Essay Over the last few decades Schizophrenia has become embedded in mainstream vernacular as any behavior or emotional response that is out of touch with reality. However even with its popularity heightened through movies and headline news stories, schizophrenia is still one of the most enigmatic and least understood disorders of the brain. With current research focused on the role of neurobiology and functioning on a cellular level, investigative analysis has merited new innovations towards its source, however a single organic cause for the disorder still eludes scientists. Although the foundation of the affliction is still unknown, its effects are well documented and over the next few pages will show the changes in the brain as the disease develops, and how those alterations impact the rest of the body and alter various other functions throughout the viscera. The term Schizophrenia was first coined in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist Dr. Eugen Bleuler and translates from the original Greek as schizo (split) and phrene (mind), making a literal translation of split-mind, in reference to the disjointed thinking of those with the disease (Johnstone, 1994). Although the term was first used in the early twentieth century, according to scholars a ‘madness’ was described in The Ebers Papyrus, a collection of ancient Egyptian medical papers dating back to 1550 BC, which accurately depicts some of schizophrenia’s symptoms (Johnstone, 1994). With its possible documentation over three millennia ago and its symptoms documented in a myriad of medical journals throughout history, the disorder itself is very rare. Those who are at the highest risk of manifestation are offspring whose parents are both schizophrenic, although even at this rate the risk of manifestation is about forty-six percent. Globally however its prevalence is about 0.9 percent or fifty-eight million people worldwide (Hollandsworth, 1990). According to James G. Hollandworth of the University of Southern Mississippi, schizophrenia is primarily characterized by a disintegration of reality perception, consciousness, and thought process which results in a debilitated proficiency in social and professional faculties (Hollandworth, 1990). While schizophrenia can most arguably be classified as a predominantly genetic affliction, there are others factors which can contribute to its development even without a genetic predisposition. These elements include birth defects such as hypoxia and low birth rate, neuroanatomical anomalies, viral infections, along with low IQ and cerebral  atrophy (Hollandsworth, 1990). While these components in themselves are not sufficient enough to cause the disorder, they result in an increased risk for developing the disease. One theory for the cause of schizophrenia that has been studied with great validity is the dopamine hypothesis. This theory postulates that schizophrenia is caused by an overabundance of the dopamine-dependent areas of the brain causing an imbalance that affects the entire system (Hollandsworth, 1990). For this reason many of today’s schizophrenia treatment drugs inhibit dopamine receptor activity in an attempt to return it to its natural equilibrium. Although even with advances in modern science and new drugs being developed every day, the illness is still only treatable and its symptoms still emerge even with proper medication. Even with its origin unknown, scientists have discovered several chromosomes which when damaged or mutated, greatly increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. The chromosomes in particular that act as catalysts are chromosome numbers twenty-two, six, and eleven (Klar, 2004). Chromosome six contains several genes that are linked with immune response which has given rise to the belief that schizophrenia has some association with weakened disease fighting agents. While damage to this chromosome may be linked to the source of the ailment, it may only be the jump starter that kicks off the path to developing the illness. For as scientists know, a lacking immune response caused by chromosome damage can theoretically leave the body vulnerable to infection, which are facilitators that can bring about the emergence of the disorder (Hollandsworth, 1990). Chromosome twenty-two on the other hand is linked with the dopamine hypothesis as this area houses enzymes that aid in transporting neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters, mainly catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) are essential for the breakdown of dopamine. Any disruptions in this particular area can trigger an overabundance or shortage of dopamine, potentially resulting in developing positive or negative schizophrenia symptoms (Chakravarti, 2002). Lastly, chromosome eleven has been associated with schizophrenia on the grounds of genetic translocation, or a chromosome abnormality caused by faulty rearrangements of various strands of DNA. These faults can occur in any number of genes, however during this process it occurs at times pivotal to cell division, making it easy for genes to be incorrectly rearranged (Klar, 2004). When this happens  it can potentially inhibit the development of lateralization of brain function and act as a precursor not only schizophrenia, but other forms of mental illness as well as cognitive impairments (Klar, 2004). Once the subject has developed schizophrenia it affects the brain in very specific ways. When the disorder itself first begins to emerge its early symptoms manifest themselves in a period called The Prodormal Phase (Neale ump; Oltmanns, 1980). During this phase, which occurs anywhere from six to thirty months before the disease truly emerges, the person may experience social withdrawal, dysphoria, and irritability. As the disorder progresses the symptoms may become more intense, and newer or ‘positive’ symptoms may begin to surface. These positive symptoms can include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought processes. In severe cases of thought process deterioration or cognitive slippage, a person can develop schizophasia or ‘word salad’ where a person’s speech is completely incoherent with no understandable thought or message. Following the positive symptoms of the illness, ‘negative’ symptoms can appear as well. These symptoms are aspects of the person’s personality that have been negated by the disease. They are most commonly expressed by the person’s flat or expressionless demeanor, apathy, very little displayed emotion, and continued peculiar behavior (Hollandsworth, 1990). After schizophrenia has completely manifested itself, the patient is usually classified into one of four types. These types are paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated. Those in the paranoid group display an obsession over their delusions or ha ve hallucinations specifically related to a certain subject or idea, and are usually the most functional of all schizophrenics (Johnstone, 1994). Disorganized types are typically ones who display little emotion and act in a disjointed and inarticulate manner, while catatonic schizophrenics are merely ones who appear in torpor and display lethargic indolence. The undifferentiated type however is hybrid of the three previous types and is a miscellaneous combination of all their symptoms combined (Johnstone, 1994). While the outward symptoms may be relatively easy to recognize, inside the brain is a totally different matter. Schizophrenia can cause structural changes in the brain even though a specific cause for these changes is still unknown. These changes in brain structure are illustrated by larger ventricles, a thicker corpus collosum, a decrease in dendrite  spines in the frontal lobe, disordered hippocampal pyramidal cells, and a shrinkage of the cerebellar vermis, which is mainly responsible for perception. In some studies malformed neuronal migration has been observed which can lead to disjointed thoughts as well as an overall shrinkage of the hippocampus and amygdala (Johnstone, 1994). Due to these changes, a person suffering from the disorder can have reduced functioning in the frontal lobe which can affect their logic and critical thinking skills as well as their ability to successfully plan ahead. This reduced functioning is displayed in the Wisconsin card sorting test, which is administered to measure possible brain damage and assess the functioning of the frontal lobe. Schizophrenics who participate in the test show an inability to successfully transfer their attention to the rules of the exam once they begin. Functional imaging has also shown a lack of activity in the right hemisphere of the frontal lobe during their partaking, which does not increase as the task is administered. It is also shown that in a study by a Dr. Nagy in 1963, that of 260 cases of schizophrenia, roughly fifty-eight percent of the group had some form of cerebral atrophy (Johnstone, 1994). On a cellular level schizophrenia symptoms are thought to be caused by an overabundance of neurotransmitters released between neurons. These neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine and serotonin, in excess can cause hallucinations and delusions which are referred to as ‘positive’ symptoms. Too little of these neurotransmitters however can result in lack of emotion and motivation which mirror the ‘negative’ symptoms of the disorder. Another type of cell affected by schizophrenia is the pyramidal cell in the prefrontal cortex, or the forehead area of the brain. These cells, which are a type of neuron that serve primarily as excitation units in the prefrontal cortex, are shown to have a decrease in basilar dendrite numbers. These basilar dendrites arise from the base of the pyramidal cell’s soma, and with a decrease in their numbers it can indicate a shortened synaptic surface area resulting in possible fallacious thought processing (Broadbelt, Byne, ump; Jon es, 2002). Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus are also known to be affected by the disorder can and cause many of the cells in that area to be thrown into disarray, causing cognitive malfunctions. The treatment of this disorder can vary greatly depending on the person; however dopamine inhibiting antipsychotics are a very popular remedy. Although prevalent, these  medications are not perfect and many scientists claim there is still no concrete connection that schizophrenia is exclusively a result of faulty dopaminergic transmissions (Neale ump; Oltmanns, 1980). It has also been noted that many of the dopamine inhibiting drugs serve only to combat the positive symptoms and leave many of the negative symptoms such as emotional absence unaffected. Another treatment that is still widely used, but much less common is electroconvulsive therapy or shock therapy. This treatment is still very controversial but there has been success in treating schizophrenia symptoms completely, although many patients relapse within six months. Studies have also indicated that although this treatment can be effective there are risks of permanent brain damage. According to Dr. Peter Breggin (2008), a psychiatrist at the State University of New York, shock therapy in animal testing showed statistically significant brain structural abnormalities when compared to animals without it. His study showed the electrical shocks caused changes in the nerve cell walls causing gliosis, or a profound increase in the number of astrocytes in impaired areas of the central nervous system (Breggin, 2008). In conclusion, schizophrenia is unique disorder that affects the brain in many ways, yet manifests itself differently from person to person. As there is no tangible rubric for how the disorder will impact the person, it can be a difficult illness to treat. Its effects on the brain, from enlarged ventricles to a decline in dendrite spines, shows the major impact the illness can have on living a normal life. Although the disorder afflicts just over fifty-eight million people worldwide it is still devastating to those who are affected and while the medical community makes leaps and bounds in understanding the disease, a cure is still far from the horizon. With psychology grant money from universities being invested predominantly in neuropsychology, perhaps sometime in the near future scientists will be able to fully understand this illness and find a successful and permanent cure for it.

Free Essays: A Comparison of Iliad and Odyssey :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Iliad and Odyssey    Although both works are credited to Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey provide two remarkably different views on the nature of the Olympian Gods, their relationship to humanity, and the general lot of mortals throughout their all too brief lives. As a result of these differences, both stories end up sending contrasting messages about life in general. In the Iliad, the supernatural denizens of Olympus are depicted as treacherous, power-hungry, and above all temperamental beings that are always at each other's throats. Factionalism abounds, and neither the bonds of marriage, nor the ties of kinship can contain keep it under control. A perfect example is when Ares betrays his mother, Hera, and his sister, Athene, by aiding the Trojans instead of the Greeks. When he is discovered, Athena strikes him down in battle through Diomedes. In the Odyssey, however, the Gods of Olympus display far more unity and civility toward each other. They argue and disagree, but their disagreements are never carried out to the extremes found in the Iliad. When Poseidon punishes Odysseys for blinding the Cyclopes, Athena does not take revenge. Even though Odyssey's is her favorite mortal, she respects Poseidon's right to punish him. Also, the treachery among the Gods that is so prevalent in the Iliad, is nowhere to be found in the Odyssey.    In Iliad, Hera, enters into a conspiracy with Poseidon, Aphrodite, and Morpheus to aid the Greeks by putting Zeus to sleepÉ thus rendering him unable to help his beloved Trojans. Nothing like this incident can be found in the Odyssey. References to past disagreements and arguments between the Gods (such as in the Poet's tale of Ares and Aphrodite) are scattered throughout the book, however, so the views between the Iliad and the Odyssey are not exactly diametrically opposed. The role of the Gods in the affairs of humanity is much greater in the Iliad then in the Odyssey. In the Iliad, the Olympians are constantly meddling in the conflict between the Greeks and the Trojans. At best, they view mortals as amusing petsÉ to be cared for, played with, and loved. At worst, humans are just pawns to be shuffled around, sacrificed, and set against each other in order to resolve inter-Olympian ego-clashes.

Teenage Drunk Driving :: Free Essay Writer

"People need to be aware that what happened to me can happen to you. I had never thought about impaired driving as an issue in my youth, it wasn't a debate. Now I know. Life really is about choices." This quote was from Tom Boyle who killed Brian Colgan in a drunk driving accident in 1995. Tom Boyle states that life is about choices. This brings up the issue with Massachusetts wanting to place a "scarlet letter" (mark of shame) on the licenses of convicted drunk drivers. Placing the "scarlet letter" on the licenses of convicted drunk drivers is a senseable consequence. Being a senseable consequence it brings up the old saying "if you do it once you are bound to do it again", many statistics prove there are a great number of drunk drivers, and the "scarlet letter" will reduce the amount of drunk drivers on the road. When I was a child I dropped a rock on my sisters head not knowing any better, but after being disiplined for doing this I decided to go back and do it again. This is accountable for most drunk drivers we have today; like stated above, "if you do it once you will do it again." If someone is an alcoholic they are bound to keep drinking due to the fact it is a daily routine and they need medical help. Having the mark on the license will motivate the alcoholic to get help and give police and pedestrians warning of the individual. "Alcohol is the 2nd most addicting substance in the United States followed by marijuana", posted Time Magazine June 2001 Issue. Being the 2nd most addicting substance, it is hard not to drink and drive. Teenage Drunk Driving.com Statistics prove that on any given weekend evening, one in 10 drivers on America’s roads have been drinking. With this many people on the road drinking, it puts not just his/her life in danger, but puts our lives in danger as well. According to the latest drunkdrivers.com statistics, the prospect of you or someone in your family being involved in an alcohol-related motor vehicle accident is more than just very likely, it is a virtual certainty. In fact, in a family of five, the chance that someone in the family will find themselves in an alcohol-related motor vehicle crash in their lifetime, is an astounding 200 percent. Imagine, a 200 percent chance that you or someone in your family will either cause, or be an innocent victim to, a drunk driving accident.

Evaluating Change at Alegent Health

Alegent Health (AH) conducted six large group interventions or â€Å"decision accelerators† (DA) to generate innovative strategies for the six clinical service areas. Researchers at USC’s Center for effective organizations contracted with AH to assess the impact of the interventions and help the organization learn how to leverage further change. The implementation feedback involved executive interviews and surveys from people who participated in the â€Å"review DAs†, thus reflecting on implementation progress and plan future changes and support a positive assessment of overall progress. People generally agreed that the implementation of the clinical strategies was going well. They were positive about social capital that had been created by the DAs, especially between managers and physicians, as well as evidence of culture change. Overall the majority of persons believed that the DAs were a great energizer for the organization, generated comprehensive strategies and catalyzed important changes. However the strengths of the DAs were mostly felt by top management while the perception of the DAs was weak in the middle of the organization. The absence of formal change management processes made important resource allocation decisions, trade-offs on technology, and coordination of quality processes across the systems more difficult. When the DA had more community participants, there were broader participation in the discussions, the debates were more intense, and the DA stayed on track. The results from the survey data revealed that the higher percentage of physicians the result was less comprehensive on the other hand when the DA had a high concentration of community participants, the vision was more comprehensive. Overall the DA affected a variety of changes in organization either directly or indirectly. The organization’s initial use of the DA process as a strategic visioning intervention persists in the minds of most organization members. DAs cannot do everything and complementary governance and implementation processes are necessary. Discus the strengths and weaknesses of the assessment. Once the intervention is done it should be evaluated to determine if it is producing the intended results. Feedback gives the desired result if the implementation of the interventions were correct. The strengths of the evaluation were collected through interviews and surveys whose results were positive. Almost everyone â€Å"buy into† the clinical strategies, the DAs were a great energizer hence a high level of commitment. Clarity was gained at the top management level and many physicians. The involvement of community participants resulted in a more comprehensive vision. While the weaknesses involve the organization’s ability to leverage the change, the data revealed a more complex set of issues, weak perception in the middle of the organization, the absence of formal change management and the outcomes of meeting with top management and physicians revealed a less comprehensive vision. Participants thought that the strategy should be more aggressive business oriented How could it have been improved? Their needed to be more internal support to leverage the change, hence people would not feel so overwhelmed by the changes. The changes needed to be programmable to facilitate a formal implementation of the intervention process. Their needed to be more sensing and calibration as it was evident that the community participants produce a more comprehensive vision. There also need to be more internal support to assist the middle of the organization. Reward allocation could be used to gain more support from the middle organization. How much confidence do you have in the lessons learned for this organization? I have a high level of confidence in the lessons from this case because the intervention characteristics were evident and the researchers made use of the institutionalization processes.

Neptunium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Neptunium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Neptunium  Basic Facts    Atomic Number: 93 Symbol: Np Atomic Weight: 237.0482 Discovery: E.M. McMillan and P.H. Abelson 1940 (United States) Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 Word Origin: Named after the planet Neptune. Isotopes: 20 isotopes of Neptunium are known. The most stable of these is neptunium-237, with a half-life of 2.14 million years Properties: Neptunium has a melting point of 913.2 K, boiling point of 4175 K, heat of fusion of 5.190 kJ/mol, sp. gr. 20.25 at 20 °C; valence 3, 4, 5, or 6. Neptunium is a silvery, ductile, radioactive metal. Three allotropes are known. At room temperature it exists primarily in an orthorhombic crystalline state. Uses: Neptunium-237 is used in neutron-detection equipment. Sources McMillan and Abelson produced neptunium-239 (half-life 2.3 days) by bombarding uranium with neutrons from a cyclotron at the U. of California at Berkeley. Neptunium is also found in very small quantities associated with uranium ores. Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth Element (Actinide Series) Density (g/cc): 20.25 Neptunium  Physical Data Melting Point (K): 913 Boiling Point (K): 4175 Appearance: silvery metal Atomic Radius (pm): 130 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 21.1 Ionic Radius: 95 (4e) 110 (3e) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (9.6) Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 336 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.36 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3 Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 4.720 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table Periodic Table of the Elements Chemistry Encyclopedia

What Makes Veterans Special essays

What Makes Veterans Special essays Why are Veterans special? They are still mere human beings susceptible to disease, famine, and even death. So, what makes them special? Could it be their valiant efforts to keep our nation free, free from tyranny, free from opposition from other countries, which starve their people, and kill off millions more just because of what one man or group of people said? Or, could it be that each one of them has risked his or her lives to save our country, one man trying to make a difference in a world with over six billion people in it. To me, veterans are special because they not only do what is listed above, but a huge collage of different reasons. Veterans willingly have gone into battle to face the hardships of war, to be possibly infected with hundreds of different types of diseases, face the risk of being fired upon almost every hour of the day, every day of the week. It takes more than just a little courage to be able to stay in a place where not only would one have to watch out for bullets and bombs, but also for the rats that scurried along the trenches where our veterans spent their whole day and night. Some of the veterans may not have known what they were getting themselves into; they might have figured that since they are from America that they would only be in enemy territory for a short time, and would be home in a few weeks. Others saw what the wars had done to the people before them and still chose to go into battle. Many soldiers have been wounded in battles, and some of the ones who made it through, and still were able to function with a semi-normal life, still wished to go back and fight for their country. Either way, if the person knew what he or she was getting themselves into or not, it still took a great deal of courage to enlist, face, the hardships of the training before hand, and then go into battle for their country. If someone came up to me and asked me why veteran ...

How to Bring Your Personality into Your LinkedIn Profile!

How to Bring Your Personality into Your LinkedIn Profile! I received the following note on LinkedIn ® this week from CEO and Creative Director Steve Klinetobe: I just finished reading your eBook. Thank you, thank you. Tonight Im going to read it to the kids. Never too young to start building your network! :) This was probably the first LinkedIn ® invitation I’ve ever received that made me laugh, and I was jumping up and down in my seat. How great when people can express themselves in their professional communications! Humor is sorely missing from most people’s LinkedIn ® profiles, and to be honest, it’s not always appropriate. But inserting your personality into your profile sure is. One of my clients, sales superstar Anna Wang, wrote in her self-authored profile, When I’m not bludgeoning quotas with a baseball bat, I can be found rocking out with my band, or parked at a poker table. That’s a woman I would want on my sales team! And Jess Hornyak, Marketing Director at KEVA Sports Center, crafted this paragraph as part of her LinkedIn ® Summary: When I was little, I wanted to drive a garbage truck. Then, I moved to Wisconsin and declared I would be the next Green Bay Packers QB once Brett Favre retired.?No one ever told me No (or that girls dont play in the NFL), but soon after I found art and writing, and hopes of being the next big name in football were passed along to Aaron Rodgers. Jess’s creativity shines through and would persuade me to consider her seriously for a sports marketing position. Of course humor is not the only way to express your humanity on LinkedIn ®. Take this example from one of The Essay Expert’s clients, a dedicated teacher with a background in HR, whose passion is teaching the whole child: When it comes down to it, children *are* our human resources, and it is imperative to support them to reach their full potential. To that end, educational policy and program development are intensely interesting to me. I believe strongly in differentiation in the classroom, and I believe that this is what we should offer to all of our children. If your career has taken an unconventional turn, revealing your personality might be particularly useful. Here’s an example from Nick D’Antonio, a law school graduate who decided to change paths (not that I would know anything about that†¦) My career path veered off course when I realized I didnt want to become an attorney (please hold the How many attorneys jokes). Of course, I graduated during one of the tougher periods for the employment of early careerists; many like me did what was required to remain independent and hopefully make in-roads into a career. It wasnt until recently when introspection led to the conclusion that what Ive done all along has been to build a reputation for promoting customer satisfaction through exceptional service, and a steady flow of repeat business. Not multi-million dollar repeat business yet but garnering repeat business taught me the power of the personal business connection. Sowant to talk Sales and Marketing? If I were looking for someone with an upfront personality who has what it takes to make it through law school and take the risk of following his passion, I might want to talk sales and marketing with this guy. He does not apologize for his background and makes a good argument for himself. What’s your personality and your compelling story? What’s the best way to tell it? I encourage you to put as much of yourself forward on LinkedIn ® as you are comfortable sharing, as appropriate for your background and industry. Perhaps you too can create a tale that’s worthy of reading to the kids at night.

A comparison and contrast between American and European art Essay

A comparison and contrast between American and European art - Essay Example Allentown Art Museum displays artistic creations from all over the world. The two paintings that caught my attention are "Madonna and child enthroned" by Jacopo Del Casentino and "Mr. Darlington's Still Life" by George Cope."Madonna and child enthroned" is the only known work officially signed by Jacopo Del Casentino. The miniaturist piece was restored in 1992, and has since caused dispute about the date of the artist's work. Some historians date the painting around 1340, whereas recently it has been pushed back to 1325 by historian Miklos Boskovits. Casentino's Madonna and Child Enthroned is featured at the center panel of a miniature tabernacle triptych, which in total measures approximately 39 x 42 inches. Mary and Jesus are surrounded by four angels, as well as Saint Bernard and Saint John the Baptist. This panel measures 18 x 9 inches, and the texture is tempera on poplar wood. The painting both represents Gothic traits and traits that focus on humanism. The hierarchy of the fig ures in the paintings expresses religious symbolism - Mary and Jesus are above all else. Certain other qualities recall the Gothic style that was most often seen in Cimabue and Duccio's paintings. For instance, the Madonna appears larger than anything else in the triptych. Also, the divine halos surrounding the figures and the gold background of the painting are both indicative of the Gothic style. On the other hand, certain characteristics like Mary's protruding knees, drapery, and the symmetry and realistic features of the angels lend themselves to Casentino's interest in humanism. This piece is also reminiscent of Robert Campin's Merode Altarpiece without the humanistic symbolism. The similarity is that Casentino's could act as an altarpiece - the triptych fashioning portrays a continuous narrative where the baby Jesus and the crucified Jesus are shown in the collective piece. Mary also appears twice - once on the throne in the center panel, and then again on the right panel at t he crucifixion, both times wearing the same drapery and red cloth shirt. The background behind the throne as well as in the other panels is very decorative and Gothic. The presence of Saint Bernard and Saint John the Baptist as well as the angels around the throne shows the significance of the enthroned Madonna and Child. The saints are drawn with prayer books in hand, and looking up at Mary and Jesus as the vantage point - the perspective draws to Jesus and the center of Mary's head. (http://yelenasarsblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/jacopo-del-casentinos-madonna-and-child.html) Jacopo del Casentino, also known as Jacopo Landino, was a Florentine painter and miniaturist who lived during the fourteenth century. He was also one of the founders of the Academy of Saint Luke at Florence in 1349, which acted as a guild for painters and miniaturists like himself. Casentino specialized in small devotional altars commissioned for private worship. Along with artists such as Bernardo Daddi, Casentino helped popularize these altars throughout Italy. As with many of his contemporaries, he was influenced by the early master, Giotto (1267 - 1337), who Daddi was an apprentice of. Both Casentino and Daddi showed an influence from the Sienese style of painting in their works. It is noted that Casentino may have been in Giotto's workshop and was a pupil of another Giotto follower, Taddeo Gaddi (1300 - 1366). It has been mentioned that the later Gothic style Casentino painted in was also influenced by the Sienese painters Pietro Lorenzetti (1280 - 1348) and his brother Ambrogio (1290 - 1348). (http://yelenasarsblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/jacopo-del-casentinos-madonna-and-child.html) (http://www.virtualuffizi.com/biography/Jacopo-del-Casentino.htm) George Cope (1855-1929) was an artist who stayed close to home. He began his career painting the lush Brandywine River Valley landscape in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and its wildlife and architecture. He later explored realism in highly detailed

Cultural Particularity vs. Universal Humanity Essay

Cultural Particularity vs. Universal Humanity - Essay Example Collective and individual identities are antithetical to each other according to neoconservative ideas. The main point of both of them is that â€Å"racial group membership robs a person of an important aspect of humanity† (Maya 79). This theory insists that individuality is a property of people, who a not included to the crowd or collective. So these persons are seen as individuated ones and they lack human agency. The neoconservative theory describes the fact of being human, configuring racial and cultural particularity against universal humanity.The idea of â€Å"being human† contains the ethnic, gender and racial trappings. In some varieties the racial identity is represented as the dangerous and harmful event to human possibility -â€Å"though it espouses black pride, it is actually a repressive identity that generates a victimized self-image, curbs individualism and initiative, diminishes our sense of possibility, and contributes to our demoralization and inertia † (Maya 81). The idea of the phrase is that the ideal human should appear as unsexed and deracinated creature, which is having only rationality. All of the mentioned figures, such as Steele, Rodriguez, Carter, and Chavez, understand the word "racial" as non-"white" identity and the conclusion they make is that "white" identity is not seen as an identity by race. They paradoxically agree with the existence of "white" people, despite the racialization â€Å"white† process and refer to "male" not meaning gendered identity.

Social Awareness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Awareness - Assignment Example The wife would rest her hand on her husband’s shoulder when she wanted him to stop so they could go inside a store. The husband would always let his wife enter a store first before him. Either of them would shake their head if they did not like the other’s suggestion. The non-verbal signals did not appear to make the interaction between the two of them difficult even without words. 4. Their non-verbal communication made it easy for me to think they are married. I think couples who are married are always close to each other. Couples who are not married do not just hold hands. They have their arms around each other’s waist or on each other’s shoulders. This is why I formed this impression about them very fast. 1. The next interaction I observed was in the grocery store. It was also noisy at this place. There were noises coming from the cash register, public announcement system, music and grocers. I see a lot of families today. It is a Sunday. I chose a family of three. The father was carrying a baby and pushing a grocery cart. The mother was holding a pen and checking off of a list. I heard the baby crying so I chose them to observe. 2. There were many signals for non-verbal communication I saw. The baby was crying and the father was moving the baby up and down his arm. I think this was his way to make the baby quiet. The baby did not stop. The mother was frowning. She got a pacifier from the baby bag and gave it to the father. I watched the father’s mouth form the word â€Å"Sshh†. I think the noise of the mall made the baby uncomfortable. The behavior of the baby affected the mother. She started choosing things faster. 3. The interaction was informal. I decided this because the woman and man stood close to each other. Also, the woman touched the man’s hand or shoulder many times. She passed grocery things to him quietly and he put them in the cart. They looked very comfortable with each other. 4. I quickly

500 words Travel proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

500 words Travel proposal - Essay Example I knew my trip was going to go well with him as the leader. He had this uncanny ability of relating to English speakers in such a way that one would understand the history of a place even before you actually stepped onto the grounds. It also helped that he wanted to know what my interests were so that he could take me to the places that he knew I would be excited to visit and know many places in relation to personal interests. Our first stop on this long car trip was Jerash. A breath-taking city known for its well-preserved Grecian-Roman designs. One can only marvel at the intricate carving methods that were used on these stone pillars which were all done by hand. Entering the city through Hadrian’s Gate, I could not help but remember all those National Geographic and History Channel TV documentaries I had viewed in the past about this particular area. Those documentaries did not do the place justice and showed only the tip of the exquisite beauty that Jerash had to offer. Next on our agenda was a city tour of Amman, the capital of Jordan. I was amazed to see the Roman Amphitheatre and Citadel Hill. I posed before the statue of Hercules at the Amman Citadel and Temple of Hercules. I could have stayed up on the hill a lot longer than the schedule Amir drew up permitted but he reminded me that the drive back to the hotel was going to be a long one. I begrudgingly agreed to go back to rest up for the night when Amir reminded me that we had a lot more sights to see the next day. We visited the city of Petra itself. Passing through the Siq gorge, the narrow passage had walls rising up to 200 meters allowing the tourists a chance to ride a horse or horse cart along with a guide. The highlight of this ride was the 40 meter high Treasury, ancient royal tombs, and yet another Roman amphitheatre. In my opinion, the city of

Saudi Arabian Press Coverage of the Events in Bahrain Essay

Saudi Arabian Press Coverage of the Events in Bahrain - Essay Example I also wish to pay my sincere regards to Dr. Chris Paterson, who opened his door and mind for me. Moreover, I gratefully acknowledge the support of Mr. Turki Abdullah Al Sideri, as he stood with me throughout the MA degree program, and very special thanks go to Al Saud University for providing me with this wonderful opportunity. I am also extremely grateful to the staff members, friends, colleagues and all others who supported, taught and helped me in the research and in learning the language, both at Sheffield University and Leeds University. A great deal of love, loyalty, and thanks go to the government of my country for providing me with this amazing opportunity to complete the MA program. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my father, mother, brothers, and sisters for their overwhelming support. This research paper investigates the performance of the Saudi Arabian press during the events in Bahrain between 14 February and 16 March 2011. It analyses the content of the press in Saudi Arabia with respect to the number of stories related to the Bahrain conflict and the theme and tone of these stories. Content analysis of the two leading Saudi Arabian newspapers, Alriyadh and Alyaum, was carried out by employing a constructed week approach for the entire period of the conflict. The results of this content analysis revealed that the coverage of the events in Bahrain by the Saudi Press was, to a great extent, dependent on the Saudi Press Agency (SPA), because of the constraints imposed on the press in the Kingdom by the Saudi Arabian information policy. The news related to Bahrain mostly appeared to be positive in tone and tended to support the agenda and interests of the government of Saudi Arabia with regards the political and democratic position of Bahrain, particularly when it involved the status of the Shiahs in the country.  

500 words Travel proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

500 words Travel proposal - Essay Example I knew my trip was going to go well with him as the leader. He had this uncanny ability of relating to English speakers in such a way that one would understand the history of a place even before you actually stepped onto the grounds. It also helped that he wanted to know what my interests were so that he could take me to the places that he knew I would be excited to visit and know many places in relation to personal interests. Our first stop on this long car trip was Jerash. A breath-taking city known for its well-preserved Grecian-Roman designs. One can only marvel at the intricate carving methods that were used on these stone pillars which were all done by hand. Entering the city through Hadrian’s Gate, I could not help but remember all those National Geographic and History Channel TV documentaries I had viewed in the past about this particular area. Those documentaries did not do the place justice and showed only the tip of the exquisite beauty that Jerash had to offer. Next on our agenda was a city tour of Amman, the capital of Jordan. I was amazed to see the Roman Amphitheatre and Citadel Hill. I posed before the statue of Hercules at the Amman Citadel and Temple of Hercules. I could have stayed up on the hill a lot longer than the schedule Amir drew up permitted but he reminded me that the drive back to the hotel was going to be a long one. I begrudgingly agreed to go back to rest up for the night when Amir reminded me that we had a lot more sights to see the next day. We visited the city of Petra itself. Passing through the Siq gorge, the narrow passage had walls rising up to 200 meters allowing the tourists a chance to ride a horse or horse cart along with a guide. The highlight of this ride was the 40 meter high Treasury, ancient royal tombs, and yet another Roman amphitheatre. In my opinion, the city of

Mexican immigrants undocumented Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mexican immigrants undocumented - Essay Example Most importantly, the social workers should know that immigrants or refugees despite the duration they will stay in the host country, they are most likely to be faced with a duality of cultures and hence do work with norms and expectations that conflict often. Although refugees and immigrants all seek new residence in a foreign country, their social and economic statuses differ and hence their adoption to the host country may also vary. Immigrants go to a host country on their own volition by attractiveness they see in that particular country. Usually they plan their entry carefully and selectively bringing some assets while relinquishing the assets at home (Abdulla, et al., 1997). Whether their reason for migrating is economic or political, they easily adopt since they at least have somewhere to start from. On the other hand, refugees are forced to flee their homelands and seek asylum from the host country for various reasons and would probably prefer to return if safety is permitted. Usually they flee home with little or no planning and with few belongings if any and are usually traumatized by the destruction they have witnessed and so it takes time for them to adapt to the new surroundings. With this knowledge, the social workers could know how to handle them and the issues that affects them for effective integration. Prior to the World War 11, the Mexicans accounted for less than 10 percent of the Florida immigration, and a quarter of Florida’s migrants in the early post war periods. In the 1960s, the Mexican immigrants percentage rose to 40 percent and by 1990s the figure rose to 50 percent of the total migrants in Florida. Prior to the 1970s, about 300,000 Mexican immigrants gained legal permanent residence in the United States yearly with most of them settling in Florida. In the last three decades, the number of legal permanent immigrants from Mexico to Florida has been doubling in each decade. This increasingly

Class distinctions and dating Essay Example for Free

Class distinctions and dating Essay Willie Mossop started off at the beginning of this play as a shoemaker, in Hobsons Cellar. He was of a low class and had great potential but little ambition. His first step was when Mrs Hepworth said that she only wants her shoes to be made by Willie. The next step towards his final personality was when Maggie proposed to marry him. He then went off with Maggie and started off his own business and then, not only did he stand up to Hobson, his former master, but he also stood up to Maggie, his own wife. In this coursework I intend to explore the play from the perspective of Willie Mossops development. The shop windows and entrance from street occupy the left side. Facing the audience is the counter  The play starts off with a rather long description of the settings in the shop. This is because Harold Brighouse is making sure that the play should be in an entirely realistic scenery.  The first impression that we get of the family relationship is that the three daughters are quite friendly towards each other but together they all are against their father, Hobson. Maggie is the eldest of the children, all of whom are not yet married. Maggie has a stubborn nature and acts like a mother to the other two girls. She is strict, confident and she is very persuasive especially when she manages to get Albert out of the shop when it was very obvious in her mind that he wanted to speak to Alice. Hobson is fifty-five, successful, coarse, florid   When Hobson enters then for the first time we see the first time we see the whole family together. We can instantly tell that it is the girls that do the work in the shop and Hobson does nothing. His intention was to go to the Moonrakers which he usually spends most of the day, rather than working in the shop or being at home. He then feels very concerned about his family name, and about the daughters uppishness and bumptiousness so he doesnt go to the Moonrakers.  We see the three daughters dressed in nice clothes during the play. I find it hard to believe that Hobson actually cares about his daughters but rather he thinks that it is good for the business for the workers to wear nice clothes. When Hobson laughs at the thought of Maggie getting married and refers to her as being shelved, it is probable that she has been so busy looking after Hobson and her sisters that she did not have the time to get married.  The start of Willies success was when Mrs Hepworth comes in and instructs that her shoes are only going to be made by Willie. She then instructs further that she wants Willie to tell her if he is to ever move shops. During this episode Hobson manages to make a fool out of himself on numerous occasions. Firstly he tries to take the credit on himself, and then thinking the shoes were faulty made a further idiot out of himself. She then turns to Maggie ignoring Hobson and succeeds in getting an answer out of her. From this we see Mrs Hepworth as an upper class women and a well-respected customer in the Hobson shop. It is interesting to note that contrary to the belief of the times (that the husband was supposed to be in charge) Brighouse shows Maggie to champion the female sex and have total control over her husband. He cleverly reverses the commanding role from Willie to Maggie and represents her as the master of the house. Right from the beginning we see that Maggie has a very commanding and persuasive personality and as we move through the play we see Maggies persuasive nature winning. As she moves from minor things such as convincing Albert Prosser that he needed a new pair of boots to the outrageous act of marrying Willie and dismissing Ada Figgins whilst he was tokened to her. MAGGIE: Will Mossop, you take orders from me in this shop. Ive told you youll wed me.  WILLIE: Seems like theres no escape.  This was an innovative concept for those ages, for the daughter of a middle class bootmaker to marry a working class craftsman employed by her father. The social tradition was to marry into your own class or higher but certainly not into a lower class.  Another matter equally radical was her betrothal conflicting with her fathers views. It was particularly unusual in that period to marry without the consent and approval of ones parents. Here however Maggie exercises her views and would like to marry Willie Mossop ignoring all the social customs concerning class distinctions and dating. ALICE: I know, and if youre afraid to speak your thoughts, Im not. Look here, Maggie, what you do touches us and youre mistaken if you think Ill own Willie Mossop for my brother-in-law.MAGGIE: Is there supposed to be some disgrace in him?  ALICE: You ask father if theres disgrace. And look at me I had hopes of Albert Prosser till this happened.  MAGGIE: Youll marry Albert Prosser when hes able and that will be when he starts spending less on laundry bills and hair cream. Here we see her strong views concerning the elitists of the upper class. She strongly believes that they shouldnt be treated especially well because they have money, power and influence, unlike her sisters who grow into and marry upper class members. Maggie has clearly displayed her view on the stupidity of spending large sums of money on hair cream and laundry bills. The lower classes were unaccustomed to spending extensive amounts on these luxuries. She displays the honesty of her opinion by marring Willie, to the disgust of her relatives and succeeding to succeed over her father.

Health And Illness Across The Lifespan Health And Social Care Essay

Health And Illness Across The Lifespan Health And Social Care Essay The Royal College of Nursing defines nursing as the use of clinical judgement in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems, and to achieve the best possible quality of life, whatever their disease or disability, until death (RCN, 2003). This essay will look at the role as a nurse, in supporting an individual, the family or carer living with a person suffering from Alzheimers disease. Walkers, (2002) definition of Alzheimers is that of a degenerative brain disease, manifesting itself in premature ageing, with speech disorder and was first discovered by a German neurologist, Dr Alois Alzheimer who, in 1906, examined the brain of a patient he cared for who subsequently died of an unusual mental illness (dementia) at age 51. Her symptoms included memory loss, language difficulties, and unpredictable behavioural manner. After her death, Dr Alois Alzheimer examined her brain and found a plague like structure and tangled fil ament in the nerve (neurons) of the patient brain (Stanton, 2001). The plaques represent a naturally occurring sticky protein and the tangled filament represents collapsed tau proteins. Though Krebs, et al (2012) theory agrees with this that plaque clumps (now called amyloid plaques) and tangled bundles of fibres (now called neurofibrillary tangles) accumulating in the brain triggers this disease, it has been called into question. Of today, Alzheimers is classified an unquantifiable science condition; which holds within its own right a large area of mental health. The definition of Walkers, (2002) degenerative refers to gradual deterioration; this means that this disease may be broken into gradual stages of early, middle and late. The early (onset) stage appears with symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, personality and behavioral changes, these normally occur between 2-4 years prior to and during diagnosis. The middle (progressive) stage has similar symptoms as the onset but with more obvious signs such as an increase of confusion, an increase of memory loss, difficulty in completing simple tasks, showing a decrease in communication skills and occasionally can at times appear to be delusional; this stage may be more distinct with language ability being decreased. This stage has a time frame of 2-10 years following diagnosis. The late (end) stage show symptoms that are more prominent than earlier stages, wi th the inability to care for oneself; with little or no communication ability, continence and inability to recognize loved ones, followed by death usually caused by infections. These symptoms may appear between 1-3 years after the disease has passed through its progressive stage as Gwythers (1985) cited by Gogia and Rastogi (2009). Though the cause of this disease is a common subject amongst scientist and physicians, it is believed that excessive intake of aluminium may be a key factor in acquiring this disease. In the 1960s and 1970s, research showed high aluminium levels in the brain tissues of some people who died with Alzheimers disease; this discovery spurred public concern that exposure to aluminium in our diet could be the cause of the disease (Rao and Rao 1995). Since then several scientific studies have examined the link between aluminium and Alzheimers, and none have found a clear association between them, Dean (2009). This contradicts Crapper et al (1976) that Aluminium h as been shown to be associated both, with plaques and tangles, in the brain of people with Alzheimers disease. There have been numerous studies among experts to resolve the issue in question, whether aluminium is in fact the cause of Alzheimers disease. This has been extremely difficult as this common disease is believed to have multiple causes, but while aluminium is widespread in our environment, there is no method that allows researchers to measure this individual burden or lifetime exposure to this element. Lliffe and Rusted, (2012) states that although no one single factor has been identified to be the cause of Alzheimers disease, it is likely that a combination of factors, including age, genetic inheritance, lifestyle and overall general health, are responsible. Even so, Alzheimers disease has a high impact on the aged population affecting around 496,000 people in the UK, with one in every fourteen people over the age of 65 and one in six over the age of 80, this shows that the greatest risk factor of Alzheimers is indeed old age. However, this disease is not restricted to the older generation; in the UK alone, there are over 17,000 people under the age of 65 living with the disease. (Ref) The Wife of United States former president Regan quoted: Alzheimer disease is a cruel disease that steals lives. Its hard to know what to expect. The years of exchanging memories of old age are gone. Its a long, long good-bye (Reagan, N. Cited in Brill, 2005). Burfoot, (2008) believes there are a minority that do not worry about getting Alzheimers disease; these include athletes which are at half the risk compared to that of the sedentary individual, studies have shown that they are showing lower risk for senile dementia and diseases like Alzheimers. Indeed, the chances of Alzheimers disease increases with each successive year of life after age 65. However, Alexander, (2009) believes that the disease is inevitable and is associated with the ageing population, particularly from the baby boom generation that came after the second world war and also due to the difference in medical care given by the National Health service (NHS) compared to health services that were available at this era, because of this people are living longer, and an increase in population means more people are making it to old age, but the reward for making it to old age is a gift of Alzheimers for 6 from every 100 people who gets past the age of 65, (Brody 2011). Though scientists have estimated that 496,000 people have Alzheimers disease in the United Kingdom alone and 22 million worldwide, the disease only affects about five percent of people ages 65 to 80 and nearly half the population of those 80 and older. Disturbingly, the disease is becoming even more common; statistics now show that the number of people with the disease doubles every five years among older people and failing to find a preventative or curative measure will be costly to society. Alzheimers disease not only affects the patient, but the society and family around them. Alzheimers disease slowly attacks the cognitive function, which is the higher thought processes. These individuals degenerate in such a way that they return to the stages of infantile dependents (Ref). While the lives of family members, especially those directly involved in the individuals care, are significantly impacted in many ways, caring for adults with a degenerative disease can be an extremely physically demanding task, Clark, (2001). For the primary caregiver involved in the day-to-day care, the disease can take its toll emotionally, physically, mentally and financially. The carer responsibility may even be extended for many years; of course this depends on what stage of Alzheimers the sufferer has been progressed to. The diagnosis of a parent or spouse with Alzheimers disease may also conjure up a number of mixed emotions; such as frustration, helplessness, or even guilt. The fact that it is a progressive and ultimately terminal illness can be difficult to grasp, Lu and Bludau (2011). To have a family member suffering from Alzheimers disease alters your life unavoidably, as the reversal of roles from being the child to the nurturing care provider can be unsettling and even overwhelming. The impact on the family can be quite difficult to witness, of watching a previously vibrant and independent parent decline over time to a former shadow of themselves and having to adjust to the increasing responsibilities as a caregiver can be psychologically demanding, as this role reversal usually occurs for spouses. For example a husband whose wife who has always managed the household may find himself having to take over this role, or vice versa. Children and grandchildren, nieces and nephew may find themselve s in this role. Whatever the make-up of the family, there is usually a role reversal, where someone to steps into the shoes of the caregiver, Lu and Bludau (2011). This is where a therapeutic relationship between the nurse, the family and patient has to be formed; this is a key component in the nursing profession that enables the best care possible is provided to an Alzheimers sufferer. However, before any treatment is given consent must be obtained (NMC, 2008) whether it may be from family members or clinicians caring for the patient on a day-to-day basis if the patient is unable. Making decisions for such person as long as its within their best interest and lacking the mental capacity to do so for themselves is acceptable, as the Mental Capacity Act (the Act) 2005 states any act done or decision made on behalf of an adult lacking capacity must be in their best interests. In the case of an Alzheimers sufferer, as their cognitive memory deteriorates, neglection and decision making for themselves becomes apparent, these patients becomes highly vulnerable, helpless and in a dependent position and looks to the nurse to uphold their dignity and res pect for their confidentiality, as stated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), a person must be treated with respect, dignity and has the right to confidentiality, NMC (2008). As quality of care not only depends on good healthcare but also on respect for the person as an individual DH, (2001). Teamwork in this sense also has a vital role, without this, communication between different agencies such as social services, and the multidisciplinary team which may involve psysiotherapy, psychologist and nutritionist. These skills together will identify the support needed to make sure treatment is patient-centered and also promotes a collaborative partnership between the patient and health professionals (Silverman et al, 2005), only then effective treatment can be achieved that is needed for an Alzheimers sufferer. As a nurse, one should have excellent communication skills, whether through speaking, writing, observing or listening (Egan, 2002), this will enable them to be the ultimate patients advocate. To expand on this, nurses form the primary system of support; this could range from logistical issues, such as treatment in the accident and emergency department through to being admitted to the ward within the hospital. In the case of an Alzheimers patient where the patient may be within his or her own home for some time, regularly visiting the patient to assess the patients health condition, to provide emotional support to both frightened patient and family member. The nurse must be able to facilitate and identify any health promotions needed for his or her patient so that they are able to implement any strategy to best support the patient, family and carer neccessary. In an Alzheimers patient, onset of many chronic diseases, infection or illnesses will become inevitable and a reduction in a once bubbly individual will be a thing of the past, as their brain deteriorates. Alzheimers sufferer may forget simple task such as washing of themselves or eating the required amount of meals necessary for intake of nutritions needed, thus health promotions has to be tailored specifically for an Alzheimers patient unigue lifespan (Hubley and Copeman, 2008). Addressing issues such as smoking or cooking as well as living alone will enable any health concerns will allow you to make any changes before they become a danger to themselves or others. Alzheimer sufferer also needs to be protected from abuse; this is one of many important aspects of being a nurse. Abuse may come in many forms, being physical, psychological, financial, sexual, neglect or discriminated upon because of their culture or ethnicity and as the United Kingdom becomes a multicultural society, there are implications on how healthcare is delivered by nurses. Furthermore, a nurses action is guided by principles of moral and legal rights, this compliments excellent nursing care. Awareness of the legal codes helps them to control complicated situation that they may encounter and helps to direct the nurse as well as their multidisciplinary team in the best possible action answerable by law (Dimond, 2011). It is important that nurses are aware of this and that they are sensitive when treatment is being administered. Nurses need to familiarise themselves with what is acceptable behaviour and respond accordingly (Timby, 2005). An example being that in some cultures it may be unacceptable to make eye contact while in others it is not or it may also be unacceptable to touch certain parts of one body. In conclusion, whether or not aluminium or old age is infact the cause of Alzheimers disease, the nurse has to be the the patients representative in order to address underlying issues that exist between, the family, carer and society. Also, to amalgamate the multidisciplinary team and relevant agencies so that health promotions may be implemented by means of controling infections, which is the predisposing factor of an Alzheimers patient death. This relationship is complex and the nurses job has to be the forefront of it all, whether it may be to educate family and carer on how best to include hygiene and infection control as the disease worsen or to inform the multidisciplinary team about the patients health and wellbeing.

animal activism Essay example -- essays research papers

Animals are dying on a daily basis or living out their lives being abused or neglected. Statistics show that more than five thousand animals are mistreated and neglected each year in Michigan#. This number is increasing rapidly due to lack of knowledge of animal care, also the number increases due to the lack of penalty for animal cruelty. I see a need to educate because of violence toward animals. I plan to educate children to successfully care for their four legged friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of animal cruelty affects the world by crime related activities. For example dog or pit fighting is directly related to drug activity. This form of â€Å"sport† is well known in the illegal drug business and is often discovered when a drug bust occurs. Drug dealers train pit bulls using weaker animals like cats or small dogs which are nothing but a death wish for these defenseless animals#. These Pit Bulls are trained to fight to the death in the ring. These dogs are often starved and or beat to increase their aggressive nature.# When they get loose in a neighborhood, many children playing on the street are in danger.# The psychological effect of children that abused animals results in adults that commit violent crimes such as serial killers, like Ted Bundy and Jeff Dahmer# who were habitual animal abusers. The underlying factor of people that abuse, and neglect animals is a lack of compassion for living creatures. It’s this lack of compass ion that facilitate violent ...

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn "Though the novel is entitled The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the story is told by Huck, the key character in the novel is Jim" The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has two key characters, one is the slave Jim, the other; the protagonist Huck. Jim and Huck could each be considered the key characters for different reasons, Jim as he is the main representative of the typical slave (slavery being the most important theme of this novel) and Huck for he is the main storyteller. Jim is an important character in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and without him the novel would be ineffectual. However The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about the adventures of the protagonist Huck, and it is more likely that the key character of this novel is Huck because we see everything from his view. In a novel which is written as a satiric social comment upon the southern states of America Jim's role as the manifestation of slavery must be a key one. Incidents in which Jim interacts with other characters and their reactions to him are meant to symbolise the wider society's opinions on slaves and the practice of slavery. Jim, is a heroic figure in a book whose main characters consist of liars, cheats and scoundrels. Jim always does the right thing if he can, he always feels empathy for others even if those people show no such emotions for him. The incident at the end of the novel when he saves Tom and risks what he believes to be his own freedom is a case in point. We empathise with Jim because even though other characters suggest that his feelings are least important, whose life is lesser, whose existence is trivial, he manages to stay cheerful, and even kind to those who treat him in this manner. This quality makes him even more heroic, for he is a figure who turns the other cheek, and is kind to others no matter what. Jim doesn't lie or cheat, or steal or gamble and looks down on these activities. Jim is never bitter, he never complains, and never expects Huck to return or even notice what he does for him. However this is no to say that Huck is not heroic himself, his support for Jim, a black man, who Huck has been taught is inferior and as important as a pack horse is astounding, and displays that Huck is strong enough and heroic enough to make the harder choice and choose his heart over his conscience.

Describing ways of identifying and meeting development needs Essay

Self assessment is an attribute that allows an employee to take ownership of a particular area of their personal, academic or work based life. Self assessment means an employee will have to review their actions, skills, strengths, weaknesses, key activities etc. and be able to provide themselves with a summary evaluation. This can then be used as part of an appraisal to give the employee their own opportunity to identify their strengths and weaknesses. This will then be incorporated into the formal appraisal process. Self assessment should also be used by an employee to determine different faults in others. This will allow different employees to interact as it will help each other to improve if they discuss each other’s faults and how they could improve. It is up to an employee to choose what they wish to reveal about themselves. These qualities tend to be revealed through body language, and so it is important that when assessing other employees that they only be showing you what they want you to see. Why this is important in a business is because it is a skill allowing understanding of other employee’s attitudes and how their personal appearance may be different from their personalities. This will help communication and build a trust within each employee. Formal Reports By an employee producing reports for the employer this allows the employer to see how they are performing within the organisation. This means in combination with a properly conducted appraisal, these notes will make a powerful tool to help employees progress in their job and also help them to make improvements to their work. This will therefore add to an employee’s self value and will make their job more satisfying. Within these reports can list decisions of whether an employee will be made to train, redirect their energies through promotion, demotion or sideways moves. If by any chance the employer states that the employee’s behaviour is less than satisfactory this may be recorded, also along with targets that are expected to be achieved and that the employee had agreed to meet. These reports should help the employee and employer focus on the key aspects of what skills will be required and then how they can be improved. Customer Feedback Customer feedback is one of the greatest ways to identify development needs. This is data that can be captured by a customer. Such as how the customer feels about a specific product, service in terms of quality, availability, expense etc. This feedback can then be used to identify personal developments that need to be improved. An example of this may be a hotel chain, asking customers to complete a questionnaire about the levels of how satisfied they were with the service they received. This can reflect well or badly on certain groups within the business e. g. bar/restaurant staff, house keeping staff, receptionist staff etc. Other examples such as a help desk may invite users to compliment on the guidance they were given. This is a very important way of a business helping staff members to improve their personalities, skills etc. Performance Data Some organisations can collect information about a certain employee over a period of time and review this performance information with the employee. Performance such as how quick an employee performs their work or how many items they sold etc. An example of this could be a checkout worker in a supermarket. The rate of performance could be recorded by how many items they scan, how many customers they serve during their shift, what profit they made etc. These measures however when taken in isolation might not always be accurate or fair as; one customer may buy a lot of cheap items but in a large proportion of products. This would therefore result in a slower scanning process. If a product has been known as being damaged this would also slow the process of a transaction as an employee would have to leave their workstation to retrieve the same undamaged product. For this type of method to improve skills it has to be recorded in large sample. This is so the sample can be classified as the entire population. This means over a long period of time one checkout employee can be compared against another. Appraisal Records This type of method is used to identify an employee’s performance of work throughout a month, year etc. This will allow the employee to focus on their strongest points and weakest points. This will then help the employee to focus on targets they want to meet in the future, whether this is their timing e. g. handing in a project on a set deadline etc. Addressing Development Needs Job Shadowing This will involve working with an employee or other individuals whilst observing and analysing their job role. This will help employees gain more of an understanding of certain job roles and how procedures/tasks are carried out. Job shadowing will give prospective employees an insight to the stresses and strains of a particular job. This will then help develop the skills needed to cope with workload and any interruptions that may occur within the working environment. In some cases the person who is being shadowed may do a running commentary on what is happening. This is sometimes not practical though as they’re maybe others such as; customers, suppliers etc, who would overhear the conversation which could be very confidential. In this case, a debriefing session may be performed after the tutorial to explain what happened. Formal Courses To meet some specific development needs it may be important to attend a course programme to develop knowledge, base skills and understanding. These courses may be run by other organisations or be in-house training that the employee’s organisation would run themselves. These courses may lead to qualifications which will have to be obtained passing an examination. Examinations that are taken by bankers and insurance companies are set to establish a standard set of knowledge and performance that would be suitable within that industry. For Example, within the ICT industry, Microsoft offers a number of qualifications that can confirm understanding of one or more of their products. By obtaining one of these qualifications will improve an employee’s level of expertise. This will help an employee become more advanced within their career enabling them to work better within their qualified job.

The Corner and Nighthawks

Manuel Espinosa Professor Stefanovic ENC 1102 21 February 2013 NIGHTHAWKS â€Å"Nighthawks† by Samuel Yellen is a poem about three individuals who are troubled with life. These individuals are occupying the same space and they appear to be relatively close from each other, but they arein fact disconnected from one another. The speaker sets a hopeless tone to help the reader analyze and really understand the characters’ feelings. This is a poem based on a famouspainting by Edward Hopper that portrays people sitting in a downtown diner late at night.Yellen wants his readersto be able to recognize that caring and affection is the easiest way to a successful and joyful human interaction. The poem’s setting takes place at â€Å"the corner of Empty and Bleak† (1) and the time is the â€Å"night’s most desolated hour† (2). Empty corners and night hours are an infamous mix. Evil deeds are performed at desolate corners during odd hours of the night. I n the corner is â€Å"Al’s Coffee Cup or the Hamburger Tower† (3), only cheap and plain shops would stay open till late hours at night and the servers would use language like â€Å"be with you in a jiff† (7).Inside the establishment there are â€Å"three nighthawks seated there† (6). Yellenuses nighthawks because the characters meet at night and hawks are lonely animals which â€Å"in this drama do not speak† (4). Another connotation is to perceive hawks as ferocious and independent creatures or how Yellen better describe them â€Å"patrons of life† (6). One of the nighthawks, â€Å"[t]he single man whose hunched back we see† (9) challenged his fate when he â€Å"put a gun to his head in Russian roulette† (10). Even though he â€Å"won the bet† (11) his body posture indicates he is troubled or pensive. And now he lives his x years’ guarantee† (12). The speaker wants to clarify that the character might off ch eated death that time by dying is inevitable. Then, we have â€Å"facing us, the two central characters† (13). They â€Å"[h]ave finished their coffee, and have lit [a] contemplative cigarette† (14-15). These characters are meditative; cigarette smoking is associated with worried or stressed individuals. â€Å"His hand lies close, but not touching hers† (16). Now it is understood there is a male and a female character. The speaker points out that they are close but not ouching each other, describing no emotional connection between the characters. A sexual connection is implied when the speaker refers to â€Å"a darkened room† (17) and continues to give explicit details of this encounter â€Å"[m]outh burned mouth, flesh beat ground [o]n a ravaged flesh† (18-19). Yellen wants to show readers the difference between a sexual act and an intimate connection. This couple shared the ultimate bonding experience between two human beings and yet they were no t able to connect spiritually but only physically.The speaker gives example of this when he mentions â€Å"[n]o local habitation and no name† (20). The speaker finishes the poem with a sarcastic tone. He implies that everyone that â€Å"peer through that curve of plate glass† (5) should be fortune â€Å"to be none of these! † (21) referring to the nighthawks. He assumes that anybody who compares themselves with these characters, using the â€Å"complacent eye† (22), should be pleased with what they see. With this conclusion Yellen sets himself aside and delivers a powerfully message to the readers.He feels superior to the characters and wants to project that feeling to his readers, not taking in consideration or really understanding the reason the characters are in these situations in the first place. The last stanza â€Å"[o]ur satisfactions satisfy, [o]ur pleasures, our plesures please. † (23-24), makes emphasis on the way the speaker feels and w ants the readers to feel about their own accomplishments, but leaving out the way they should feel about their fellow man. The speaker projects itself as a selfish individual who does not care about less fortunate individuals.It is often said that to have a better world we should care for one another. Yellen’s idea of human connection shows the total opposite, he emphasizes on his characters’ faults instead of his qualities. This poem contains many problems that our society faces on a daily basis but unfortunately for the readers, Yellen focused on showing the problem but does not offer a solution. Work Cited McMahan, Elizabeth, Susan X Day, Robert Funk, Linda Coleman. Literature and the Writing Process. Ninth Ed. Boston: Longman. 2011. Print Rafeeq O. McGiveron (1998): Yellen's Nighthawks, The Explicator, 56:3,148-149

Sex in mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex in mythology - Essay Example During his study he observed that majority of his patients talked about things that they could little express. The reason for this difficulty he believed was repression of feelings due to taboos and painful experience attached to such forbidden ideas. He hypothesized that that one main reason for such anxiety was the repressed energy of libido or sex that was held by human due to several defense mechanisms. He added fear or feeling of guilt or shame to such fantasies that were not possible to express in normal life. He explains that jokes, slip of tongue, customs, myths and dreams are kind of ventilation and unconscious expression for such repressed feelings. Freud believes that Libido (sex) develop in humans by changing objects. He argued that during the sexual development, individuals are fixated on special objects to derive pleasure; such as sucking thumb; which later on changes to fixation on the mother as a sexual object (which he named as Oedipus Complex). In the case of daughter it is the fixation on father named as Electra complex. The Oedipus complex is a conflict that Freud called neuroses in childhood; where a male child desires excessive love towards his mother and looks at his father with jealousy. The central theme of Freud psychoanalysis theory is that children go through Oedipus complex, but it is their fear of castration that leads them to identify themselves with father rather than desiring mother. The child develop ultimately resolves the Oedipus complex by following parental values; which give rise to super-ego and forms the unrealistic ideals where a child find himself torn between his desires and parents ideal through out his life resulting in anxiety, fear and repressed wishes. Oedipus complex is named on Greek tragedy Oedipus the son of King Laius of Thebes and Queen Jocasta. Oedipus was left in the mountains to be devoured by wolves but found and raised by a shepherd. Years later Oedipus kills his father unknowingly and marries his mother. The story comes to a tragic end where Oedipus blinds himself and begs in streets after knowing the truth. Freud relied on self-analysis and on the anthropological studies to develop his theory of Oedipus complex. He mentions that Oedipus conflict is the expression of wish through a myth, and how human desire incest, but they repress such desires. The legend of Electra; the daughter of Agamemnon who killed her mother to get his father is named as Electra complex (which was named by Carl Jung as female Oedipus attitude in young girls). What Freud points out that during the phallic stage daughters are more attached to father and imagine father; that results in hostility towards mother, the myth of Electra is one such exam ple. Freud mentions that this phenomenon is present in different kind of fairy tales and that the myth is in fact a distorted version of wish fulfillment of an entire race or nation. He sees the Oedipus Complex not as a story, but a real episode as children desire parents during their developing years but refrain to act due to social pressure or taboo. He even mentions a real incident where sons oppressed by father revolted and overtook the father's wives after killing wife (Similar incidents used to happen in ancient Arab culture). But the subsequent generation refrained from doing so; thus Freud concludes that myths are repression of ideas; which he further elaborates in

What is the real happiness in a family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is the real happiness in a family - Essay Example Richard Bausch’s story, â€Å"Aren’t you happy for me?† in all its simplicity gives the reader an insight into a much more complex scenario depicted by observing a incident in the life of a ordinary family. In this story the more that is revealed, the more complex the situation that the father is immersed in becomes until ultimately he realizes the gravity of a situation he had underestimated; the distance that had become undeniable in his marriage and what a difficult path his daughter had taken. A key element of the story that is used by the author is that of revelation. It is used with gravity and artfully timed in the way it deepens not only the story but the characters as well. It further thickens the plot and depicts to the reader the importance of revelation and how the transformation the characters undergo with it as they are portrayed in light of their exquisite humanness. It is this very quality which makes them heroic and at the same time flawed. The story revolves around a phone call between a father and daughter as the predicament that the daughter is in slowly unwinds as the father discovers she is pregnant and about to marry a 63 year old man who was also her professor. As he internalizes and processes the situation his daughter reveals which in all its complicated nature seems to be a reason for joy for her, greatly disturbs the father as he categorizes the predicament as severely grave; a cherry on top of the problems his life already was in. "Outside the window, his wife, with no notion of what she was about to be hit with, looked through the patterns of shade in the blinds and, seeing him, waved. It was friendly, and even so, all their difficulty was in it." (p.87) Bausch’s style is highly effective in the way that he builds on to the sense of dismay and connects to the reader, as his daughter relays to him the string of bad news. "Honey, this is a joke, right? You're playing a joke on me." (p.89.) Furthermore the reader can clearly emphasize for Ballinger as the news is spun on him with the naive child like expectation to not react to news that was clearly startling for any parent. "You're going to react, then. I wish you could just promise me you wouldn't." (p.88). Bausch’s focus on the situation at hand and not the use of external factors to highlight the internal emotional and mental state of the characters is one of the major strengths of his narration. He brings forth a very relatable scenario that portrays the internal battle between the sexes, generations and family dynamics. The volatile reaction of the father and his uncontrollable bursts of anger lead us to imagine if it was this particular trait of his that had caused rifts in his until now happy and prosperous marriage. "That's not the point. The point is that you, sir, are not much more than a goddam statutory rapist. That's the point." (p.90). It also shows how adept the author is in casting inadequate male character s; a husband whose marriage if failing and a 63 year old professor who has impregnated and is now marrying his much younger student. There are two main focuses of Bausch’s story; one that revolves around a marriage and family starting and the other on a marriage ending. "The truth was that he had news of his own to tell. Almost a week ago he and Mary had agreed on a separation. Some time for both of them to sort things out." (p. 86) One cannot help but wonder if the fury

Business Communication Trend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Communication Trend - Essay Example Business Communication Trend: Introduction: Life in the contemporary age is changing faster than ever before. Modern age is extremely influenced by technology, and we depend upon technology for almost every matter in our daily life. Our personal and social lives revolve around technology one way or another. Modern age business is no less influenced by technology. More and more businesses are becoming paperless in order to acquire the most appreciated â€Å"green† tag. Distances have lost their meaning with the readily available transport. Work does not require daylight to be executed. Hence, development has become a never stopping process. Globalization has brought cultures close to one another. Societies are becoming more and more multicultural with every passing day. Likewise, workplaces have become culturally heterogeneous in many advanced countries of the world in the present age. In modern business environment, people from different cultures and belonging to different cas tes, colors and ethnicities have to frequently interact with one another in order to accomplish the organizational objectives and keep the work flowing smoothly. Linguistic barriers have for long, remained one of the biggest obstacles in the way of growth of business. On the other hand, multiculturalism in business has always been encouraged because it allows consideration of business strategies from different cultural standings. Taking this into consideration, business entrepreneurs have traditionally remained exposed to extreme challenges of inculcating unity in a multicultural workforce. However, some of the communication strategies recently discovered have been widely implemented in business settings, and have produced fruitful results. This paper discusses some of the modern trends is business communication and explains, how they are best suited to the contemporary industrial world. Role of communication in business: Communication is a vital element of business. In the past, wh en there was no technology to facilitate business, communication in business used to be conducted through written memos. Business letters used to be the fundamental means of conveyance of strategies across the branches, and thus business had to suffer from large delays of mail delivery. â€Å"Face-to-face meetings were held, often ending with a handshake† (Hunt, 2010). With the evolution of technology, business communication matured manifolds and facilitated the business in many potential ways. In the modern business scenario, workers interact with one another through various means of communication that include but are not limited to email, videoconferencing and teleconferencing. Some principles of communication in modern age business: In any kind of business, communication must be conducted according to some basic principles that include composition, capitalization, wording, persuasion, abbreviation, organization, tone, grammar and spelling (Blake and Bly, 1991). Various mea ns of business communication: Email: Since the advent of computers, and more truthfully, the internet, significance of papers in business has faced a severe downfall. Emails have replaced the traditional paper memos that have for long, remained an integral part of business for the purpose of communication. However, in order to make the communication effective, certain email etiquettes have to be complied

IFRS and GAAP Convergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IFRS and GAAP Convergence - Essay Example When the financial statements are available in annual reports, it is the responsibility of the managers to evaluate and discuss results of company performance. External parties use these financial statements to analyze the company’s financial performance. Therefore, external users of financial statements are requires to be familiar with the tools and techniques which are used in financial performance analysis (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2010, p.1270). Financial analysis includes the analysis of income statement and the assets and liabilities in the balance sheet. It can be done by implementing various tools and techniques such as: common size financial statements, comparative financial statements, ratio analysis, trend analysis, fund flow statement and cash flow statement (Murthy and Gurusamy, 2009, pp.8-9). Accounting Convergence A single set of global accounting standards has to be developed that would be used internationally for international and domestic financial report ing. In order to persuade this practice, the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and the US Financial accounting Standard Board (FASB) signed a memorandum of understanding, honoring their commitment towards the convergence of International Accounting Standards and the U.S. ... After the IASB and FASB liberated their disclosure draft on revenue recognition, they got many comments which include the lack of transparency about the transfer of control of services, the accounting for warranties, difficulties in recognizing and separating performance obligations, and the model proposed for licenses of intellectual property. It is found that the proposed standard will cause in the considerable shift in how revenues is documented in many situations. Most respondents believe that the proposed standard will have high impact on their financial reporting and in the process of implementing this standard, additional technology and resources will be required. More or less 41% of the respondent agrees upon the implementation of the IFRS in either 2015 or 2016. Difference between U.S. GAAP and IFRS There are many differences between the U.S GAAP and IFRS rules regarding the revenue recognition, provisions and contingencies, income taxes, leases, financial instruments, intan gible assets, interim financial reporting, and the financial statement presentation. But the most important difference would be in the financial statement presentation. Under the US GAAP rules, normally comparative financial statements are prepared, though a single year may be accessible in certain events. For the public companies, balance sheets for the two most current years are needed, whereas other statements must contain three year period which should be ended on the balance sheet date. Under IFRS rules, comparative information must be revealed with respect to the prior period for all amounts which are shown in the financial statements. Under US GAAP rules,

What does the Warrior Ethos mean to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What does the Warrior Ethos mean to me - Essay Example Rather, everyone must fight at work, in society, and in our relationships to stay safe and successful. Without the impulse to engage in fight, a person is listless and demotivated. However, fighting without a code is disastrous and unhealthy. This book is unique to me in respect that it very effectively offers a code which can help all people defend their individual purposes. This code can be used by us to stay true to ourselves. This book is a great treat not for members of military merely, but for everyone who has had to fight for anything at any point in life. It offers an interesting insight into the life of a warrior with which everyone can relate and gather huge life-changing lessons. The book tells that what separates warriors from vulnerable individuals is their ability to endure adversity. Concluding, The Warrior Ethos was originally written with army officers in the author’s mind, but even a common person like myself can effortlessly relate with it. This is because of the great lessons enclosed in it which have implications for everyone from every

Finance and Surplus Funds Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Finance and Surplus Funds - Assignment Example Finance companies can facilitate Carlsons expansion by providing long-term loans to meet the company's fund requirement that is used to buy the long-term assets such as machinery, equipment, land and building. The funds provided by financial institutions are essential to finance the fixed assets procurement necessary for the expansion of the existing business or for totally a new line of business. Commercial Banks are depository institutions. Deficit units such as Carson are provided loans by commercial banks. Commercial banks have large assets generated by providing the deposit accounts to surplus units. The financial institutions look at financial leveraging of the firm such as debt ratio, debt-equity ratio, interest coverage, that decides company’s capacity to pay the interest and original debt over a long period of time. Obviously, that hinders Carson to access more debt funds for further expansion and growth. The primary market can support expansion program of Carson by absorbing their issued stocks and bonds to the common investors at the predetermined price. The money thus garnered falls under the category of equity or debt as the case may be and can be used to meet the expansion needs. The financial institutions work as financial intermediaries especially, when the market is imperfect. When the market is perfect, information is available free to buyer and seller and market settles at the lowest possible cost of funds discarding the need of any financial institutions for they cannot give any benefit to either buyer or seller. Every commercial bank would like to review the risk profile of the business and the company to whom they have provided the line of credit. Accordingly, it is quite obvious that in case of Carson undertaking any large expansion, commercial banks would like to know how the line of credit provided by them will be used and in what way the new expansion will alter the risk profile of the company. Banks would also  like to assess about how the expansion plan of Carson will affect the fund security and the ability of the Carson to pay them the due interest on the borrowed funds.

Classroom Observation Instruments Essay Example for Free

Classroom Observation Instruments Essay The following checklist it based off the Charlotte Danielson Framework. Teacher evaluations are based on four components or domains. Domain 1 is preparation and planning, domain 2 is classroom environment, domain 3 is instruction, and domain 4 is professional responsibility. When completing a classroom observation, only aspects of domain 2 and domain 3 are observable with a walk through. The following is an evaluation checklist of things a principal will look for while completing a classroom walk through. Sections marked with a (T) are teacher behaviors being observed, those marked with an (S) are student behaviors. Domain 2- Classroom Environment 1. Creating a classroom environment of respect and rapport (T) 2. Establishing a culture for learning (T) 3. Managing classroom procedures (T) 4. Management of student behavior (T) 5. Organizing physical space (T) 6. Work stations for group work (S) 7. Student desks are organized and material accessible (S) Additional notes on classroom environment: Domain 3 – Instruction 1. Communicating with students (T) 2. Use of questioning and discussion techniques (T) 3. Engaging students in learning (T) 4. Using assessment in instruction (T) 5. Demonstrate flexibility and responsiveness (T) 6. Whole class participation (S) 7. Student Engagement/on task behavior (S) 8. Confidence displayed in assessment (S) Additional notes on instruction: The above checklist is meant to be a guideline for principals to use during a walk through evaluation. Can you see the five aspects of each domain present in the classroom for teachers and the five for students? A simple yes or no will suffice. The above checklist is meant to be a guideline or springboard to complete next steps in the learning process. Those areas marked yes should be a cause for celebration. Evaluators and teachers can then discuss to what extent those aspects were present during the observation. In addition to the yes or no answers for each aspect of the two domains, an evaluator can write comments that fall within the domain descriptions as well. Are classroom procedures posted? That can be noted for classroom environment. What type of graphic organizer did the teacher use? That is part of an instructional strategy. The bottom part of the checklist allows the evaluator to add to the things he saw or did not see. This evaluation checklist should be copied and given directly to the teacher for reflection. That way the teacher has immediate feedback of what the principal observed in her classroom. This allows the educator to see what is being observed in her classroom and in her teaching. She can reflect on what aspects were not observed, adjust her teaching and include those aspects going forward. As much as it is a checklist for the evaluator, it can be used as a check-in for the teacher. If time allows, the principal should sit down and discuss the findings with the teacher, but time is not always available for this conference opportunity. This communication method would fall into a non-directive supervisory approach. Nondirective supervision involves the teacher being an essential part of the decision making process. While the teacher is reflecting and thinking through his actions for instructional improvement, the supervisor assists in this thinking and reflection process (Glickman Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). This is shown through the principal giving feedback, but the teacher working out the next steps on her own. The positive aspect of this type of supervision includes the teacher feeling comfortable enough to ask their administrator for help when needed and feeling comfortable  enough to take risks in their classrooms (Rettig, Lampe, and Garcia, 2000). References Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P., Ross-Gordon, J.M. (2014). Supervision and instructional leadership: a developmental approach (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Rettig, P.R., Lampe and Garcia, P. (2000). â€Å"Supervising Your Faculty with a Differentiated Model.† The Department Chair 11(2)